CHAPTER #17

DEMONSTRATIVE, INDEFINITE AND DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS

 

Perhatikan kalimat dibawah ini

 

This is a present from my uncle.

These are merely excuses.

Both cars are good; but this is better than that.

Bombay mangoes are better than those of Bangalore.

Make haste, that’s a good boy.

There is no period in ancient Indian history so glorious as that of the Guptas.

My views are quite in accordance with those of the University Commission.

I may have offended, but such was not my intention.

He is the representative of the King, and as such we are bound to honour him.

The stranger is welcomed as such.

That is the fort of Partapgarh.

 

Mungkin anda sadari bahwa pronoun yang dicetak miring digunakan untuk menunjukan objek yang ditunjuk, dan maka dari itu mereka dikenal dengan Demonstrative Pronouns.

 

Ketika this, that, dsb digunakan bersamaan dengan kata benda, mereka dikenal sebagai Demonstrative Adjective; contoh,

 

This book is mine

That pen is yours

These books are mine

Those pens are yours

 

This digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang dekat dengan tangan, sebaliknya that digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang jauh.  That bersamaan bentuk jamaknya those, juga digunakan untuk menghindari adanya pengulangan dari kata benda sebelumnya; contoh,

 

The climate of Belgaum is like that of Poona.

The streets of Ahmedabab are worse than those of Bombay.

 

Ketika dua benda sudah disebutkan, this digunakan untuk menyebutkan benda yang disebutkan terakhir dan that digunakan  untuk menyebutkan yang pertama; contoh,

 

Virtue and vice offer themselves for your coice; this leads to misery, that to happiness.

Alcohol and tobacco are both injurious; this perhaps, less than that.

 

Indefinite Pronouns

Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut :

 

One hardly knows what to do.

One does not like to say so, but it is only too true.

One must not praise ones self.

One must not boast one’s own success.

All were drowned.

Some are born great.

Somebody has stolen my watch.

Nobody was there to rescue the child.

Few may escape unhurt.

Many of them were Gurkhas.

 

Semua kata ganti benda yang tercetak miring mengacu pada orang atau benda benda secara umum, tetapi tidak mengacu pada beberapa orang atau benda secara khusus. Mereka kita sebut dengan Indefinite Pronouns.

 

Definite Pronounss

Perhatikan kalimat dibawah ini:

 

Each of the boys gets a prize.

Each took it in turn.

Either of these roads leads to the railway station.

Either of you can go.

Neither of the accusations is true.

 

Each, either, neither, disebut dengan Definite Pronouns. Karena mereka mengacu pada orang atau benda satu per satu. Maka dari itu, mereka selalu dalam bentuk singular dan diikuti oleh kata kerja singular. 

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